@article{oai:kumadai.repo.nii.ac.jp:00031008,
 author = {松岡, 雅雄 and 安間-水戸部, 恵子 and Matsuoka, Masao and Yasuma-Mitobe, Keiko},
 issue = {2755},
 journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {application/pdf, 論文(Article), Costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors play a key role in regulating immune responses
to infection and cancer. Coinhibitory receptors include programmed cell death 1 (PD-1),
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and T cell immunoglobulin and
ITIM domain (TIGIT), which suppress immune responses. Coinhibitory receptors are
highly expressed on exhausted virus-specific T cells, indicating that viruses evade
host immune responses through enhanced expression of these molecules. Human
retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type
1 (HTLV-1), infect T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, one needs to
consider the effects of coinhibitory receptors on both uninfected effector T cells and
infected target cells. Coinhibitory receptors are implicated not only in the suppression of
immune responses to viruses by inhibition of effector T cells, but also in the persistence
of infected cells in vivo. Here we review recent studies on coinhibitory receptors and their
roles in retroviral infections such as HIV and HTLV-1., https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02755/full},
 pages = {1--8},
 title = {The Roles of Coinhibitory Receptors in Pathogenesis of Human Retroviral Infections},
 volume = {9},
 year = {2018}
}